Paths

A path is a ustring, and the Path functions take it apart and build it without touching the disk. They accept either separator, / or \, on Windows; on Linux and macOS only / separates.

#import "std/fs"

'' Taking a path apart touches no disk.
dim as ustring p = "projects/tiko/src/main.tiko"
print fs.PathFileName( p )
print fs.PathStem( p )
print fs.PathExtension( p )
print fs.PathFileName( fs.PathParent( p ) )
print fs.PathChangeExtension( "notes.txt", ".md" )
print fs.PathFilePrefix( "backup.tar.gz" )
print fs.PathAddExtension( "backup.tar", "gz" )
print "["; fs.PathExtension( ".gitignore" ); "]"

'' The pieces, one at a time.
for each c in fs.PathComponents( "projects/./tiko/../docs" )
    print "<"; c.Text( ); ">";
next
print

'' Joining uses the platform's separator, so compare, don't print.
dim as ustring j = fs.PathJoin( "projects", "tiko", "main.tiko" )
print cbool( fs.PathEquals( j, "projects/tiko/main.tiko" ) )
print cbool( fs.PathNormalize( "projects/./tiko/../docs" ) = _
             fs.PathJoin( "projects", "docs" ) )

Output

main.tiko
main
.tiko
src
notes.md
backup
backup.tar.gz
[]
<projects><tiko><..><docs>
true
true

Function	Gives
`PathFileName( p )`	the last part
`PathParent( p )`	everything before the last part
`PathStem( p )`	the file name without its last extension
`PathExtension( p )`	the last extension, with its dot
`PathFilePrefix( p )`	the file name before its first dot
`PathChangeExtension( p, ext )`	`p` with a different extension
`PathAddExtension( p, ext )`	`p` with one more extension
`PathComponents( p )`	the parts, one at a time, for `for each`
`PathJoin( a, b, ... )`	the parts joined with the platform's separator
`PathNormalize( p )`	`.` and `..` resolved, separators made uniform
`PathEquals( a, b )`	the same path, by the platform's rules

A name that starts with a dot, .gitignore, has no extension: the dot is part of the name. PathComponents drops a . but keeps a .., because what .. means depends on links on the disk; PathNormalize removes both, without looking.

PathJoin writes \ on Windows and / on Linux and macOS, which is why the example compares joined paths rather than printing them. PathEquals compares the way the platform does: on Windows it ignores case and treats both separators alike.

Pitfall

PathJoin( "uploads", name ) with an absolute name throws uploads away, and a name containing .. climbs out of it. Before joining a name that came from a user, check it with PathIsLocal( name ), which is false for both, and for device names such as NUL on Windows.

Activities

Print fs.PathParent( "main.tiko" ). What is the parent of a bare name?
Use PathComponents to count how many directories deep a path is.

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tiko by Example

Paths

Activities